阅读理解

　　A Sunshade for the Planet

　　Even with the best will1 in the world，reducing our carbon emissions is not going to prevent global warming.It has become clear that even if we take the most strong measures to control emissions，the uncertainties in our climate models still lea'ye open the possibility of extreme warming and rises in sea level.At the same time，resistance by governments and special interest groups makes it quite possible that the actions suggested by climate scientists might not be implemented soon enough.

　　Fortunately，if the worst comes to the worst2，scientists still have a few tricks up their sleeves3.For the most part they have strongly resisted discussing these options for fear of inviting a sense of complacency that might thwart efforts to tackle the root of the problem.Until now，that is.A growing number of researchers are taking a fresh look at large-scale “geoengineering” projects that might be used to counteract global warming.“I use the analogy of methadone4,” says Stephen Schneider，a climate researcher at Stanford University in California who was among the first to draw attention to global warming.“If you have a heroin addict，the correct treatment is hospitalization，and a long rehab. But if they absolutely refuse，methadone is better than heroin.”

　　Basically the idea is to apply “sunscreen” to the whole planet.One astronomer has come up with a radical plan to cool Earth;launch trillions of feather-light discs into space，where they would form a vast cloud that would block the sun’s rays.It’s controversial，but recent studies suggest there are ways to deflect just enough of the sunlight reaching the Earth’s surface to counteract the warming produced by the greenhouse effect.Global climate models show that blocking just 1.8 per cent of the incident energy in the sun’s rays would cancel out the warming effects produced by a doubling of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. That could be crucial，because even the most severe emissions-control measures being proposed would leave us with a doubling of carbon dioxide by the end of this century，and that would last for at least a century more.

　　1. According to the first two paragraphs，the author thinks that

　　A strong measures have been taken by the government to prevent global warming.

　　B to reduce carbon emissions is all impossible mission.

　　C despite the difficulty，scientists have some options to prevent global warming.

　　D actions suggested by scientists will never be realized.

　　2. Scientists resist talking about their options because they don't want people to

　　A know what they are doing.

　　B feel their efforts are useless.

　　C think the problem has been solved.

　　D see the real problem.

　　3. What does Stephen Schneider say about a heroin addict and methadone?

　　A Methadone is an effective way to treat a hard heroin addict.

　　B Methadone is not a correct way to treat a heroin addict.

　　C Hospitalization together with methadone can work effectively with a heroin addict.

　　D Methadone and heroin are equally effective in treating a heroin addict.

　　4. What is Stephen Schneider’s idea of preventing global warming?

　　A To ask governments to take stronger measures;

　　B To increase the sunlight reaching the Earth.

　　C To apply sunscreen to the Earth.

　　D To decrease greenhouse gases.

　　5. What is NOT true of the effectiveness of “sunscreen”，according to the last

　　paragraph?

　　A It deflects sunlight reaching the Earth to counteract the warming.

　　B It blocks the incident energy in the sun’s rays.

　　C It is a controversial method.

　　D It decreases greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

　　答案：CCACD

　　补全短文

　　The first four minutes

　　When do people decide whether or not they want to become friends? During their first four minutes together, according to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his book, "Contact: The first four minutes," he offers this advice to anyone interested in starting new friendships: __1__. A lot of people's whole lives would change if they did just that.

　　You may have noticed that average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he as just met.__2__. If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much.

　　When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear friendly and self-confident. In general, he says, "People like people who like themselves."

　　On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and sympathetic, realizing that the other person has his won needs, fears, and hopes.

　　Hearing such advice, one might say, "But I'm not a friendly, self-confident person. That's not my nature. It would be dishonest for me to at that way."

　　__3__. We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality. "It is like getting used to a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first, but it goes much better than the old one."

　　But isn't it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we don't actually feel that way? Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin, "total honest" is not always good for social relationships, especially during the first few minutes of contact. There is a time for everything, and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger. That is not the time to complain about one's health or to mention faults one finds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one's opinions and impressions.

　　__4__. For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later.

　　The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course in every school, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. __5__ that is at least as important as how much we know.

　　A. In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits.

　　B. Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to relationships with family members and friends.

　　C. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.

　　D. Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes.

　　E. He keeps looking over the other person's shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room.

　　F. He is eager to make friends with everyone.The first four minutes

　　参考答案:

　　1. D. 分析：空格前后句中出现了代词的呼应-- this advice--- that，再结合句意判断空格处出现表意为“建议”的句子可能性最大，结合被选项的内容和用词判断D是答案。考点：语意平行结构中的观点句/概括总结句。

　　2. E.分析：后句中的句意在对具体细节进行描述，句子中代词this的出现，暗示前句中出现的this指代的内容。判断E是答案。考点：举例分析句/细节描述句。

　　3. A. 分析：空格后句中出现了代词We，而被选项中只有A和C中有代词与We呼应。但A中还有changing our social habits与空格后句中的 become accustomed to any changes在语意上呼应，所以答案是A。

　　4. B. 分析：前文中出现了“关于如何‘对待陌生人’的描述”，而且在下文中提到了“家庭成员(husband and wife or a parent and child)”，因此判断B是答案。

　　5. C. 分析：后句中的代词we在C中才有呼应的代词，而且在文章最后出现观点句是通常论述文的发展特点，因此判断C正确。考点：文章中的总结概括句/观点句。

（编辑：何莹莹）