U. S., European Drug Officials Approve Inhaled Insulin

　　A form of insulin for people with diabetes to take by mouth is expected to be sold within a few months. The new medicine is called Exubera1. The United States Food and Drug Administration2 and the European Commission3 both recently approved it for adults. It could make life easier for many diabetics who require daily injections of insulin to control their blood sugar levels. But it will not replace all insulin injections. And it is not for everyone. People who smoke or have stopped smoking for less than six months should not take Exubera. ____1____

　　Three drug companies — Pfizer, Sanofi-Aventis and Nektar Therapeutics — developed the inhaled insulin. ____2____ Experts say about fifteen percent of diabetics who need insulin do not take it. The treatment can involve several injections each day.

　　Insulin is a hormone that the body uses to change food into energy. Failure to control blood sugar levels can lead to serious problems, including blindness and loss of blood flow to the feet. It can also lead to heart disease, stroke and kidney failure4. Insulin has been sold as a drug since the nineteen twenties. This is the first new way to take it. Exubera uses a powder breathed into the lungs through a mouthpiece. Pfizer will study the long-term effects. It says some patients have reported a mild cough while using the inhaled insulin. ____3____

　　Many people do not know they have diabetes. There are two forms. Most diabetics have the Type Two form. Their body does not make enough insulin or cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. ____4____ Most Type Two diabetics do not take insulin. Their medicines can be taken by mouth. Diet, exercise and weight control are also important. Type One diabetes often begins in childhood. ____5____

　　Officials say diabetics with either type could use inhaled insulin, either before or after a meal. But Type One diabetics and some with Type Two would still need a longer-lasting injection at least once a day.

　　练习：

　　A.With this type the body is unable to produce insulin.

　　B.Pfizer recently bought the rights to sell it worldwide.

　　C.The control of their blood sugar levels is most important for patients with diabetes.

　　D.It is common in people who are overweight and not active.

　　E.Some patients with lung disease should not take it either.

　　F.People are advised to have their lungs examined before using Exubera, and at least once a year after that.

　　答案与题解：

　　1.E　此空白处的前一句说抽烟的人和戒烟不足夫个月的人不能使用Exubera”，而选项E说“一些患有肺部疾病的病人也不能用”，这里either实际上起到提示作用，使前后句紧密衔接。

　　2.B　此空白处的前一句说到,“三家制药公司研发了这种吸入型的胰岛素”，那么怎么销售呢?选项B,“Pfizer公司最近买到全球的销售权”填到这里是再恰当不过的了。

　　3.F　本空白处的前一句说到有些患者在使用吸入型胰岛素时有轻度咳嗽”，那根据推理自然要叫这种病人去做肺部检查，选项F正是这方面的内容，而且肺部检查只有与咳嗽才能联系在一起，无法将其填入其他空白处。

　　4.D　本段解释两种类型的糖尿病。“II型糖尿病患者的身体无法制造足够的胰岛素或者无法有效利用身体所产生的胰岛素”，而前面已经说到，身体就是利用胰岛素来将食物转化成能量的，所以根据推理,“肥胖并不活动的人”一定易患II型糖尿病。

　　5.A　空白处的前一句说,“I型糖尿病常常在儿童时期就开始”，即使没有医学常识的人也应该从前面介绍II型糖尿病中找到本空白处的答案，因为前面说到,“II型糖尿病患者的身体无法制造足够的胰岛素或者无法有效利用身体所产生的胰岛素”，可见II型糖尿病患者的身体多少还是能够制造胰岛素的，相比之下，I型糖尿病患者的身体一定“不能制造胰岛素”了。

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（实习编辑：高奕飞）